The Chicago Manual of Style, 17th Edition by Below is a selected list of reference examples for Chicago Style. Keep in mind that there are two types of Chicago styles:
Make sure to use the correct type, and refer to Chicago Style's Quick Guide website for full reference and citation information. The Chicago Manual of Style website and the Purdue Online Writing Lab (OWL) can help you as well.
The Author-Date method uses in-text parenthetical references and a corresponding Reference List. You can also refer to the following guide for help:
Author's Last Name, Author's First Name. Year. Title of Work. Place: Publisher.
Ex: Grazer, Brian, and Charles Fishman. 2015. A Curious Mind: The Secret to a Bigger Life. New York: Simon & Schuster.
(Author's Last Name Year, page number)
Ex: (Grazer and Fishman 2015, 12)
In the reference list, include the page range for the chapter or part. In the text, cite specific pages.
Author's Last Name, Author's First Name. Year. "Title of Chapter." In Title of Book, edited by Name, Pages. Place: Publisher.
Ex: Thoreau, Henry David. 2016. “Walking.” In The Making of the American Essay, edited by John D’Agata, 167–95. Minneapolis: Graywolf Press.
(Author's Last Name Year, page number)
Ex: (Thoreau 2016, 177–78)
For books consulted online, include a URL or the name of the database in the reference list entry. For other types of e-books, name the format. If no fixed page numbers are available, cite a section title or a chapter or other number in the text, if any (or simply omit).
Author's Last Name, Author's First Name. Year. Title of Work. Place: Publisher. URL or Databse.
Ex: Borel, Brooke. 2016. The Chicago Guide to Fact-Checking. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ProQuest Ebrary.
(Author's Last Name Year, page number)
(Borel 2016, 92)
In the reference list, include the page range for the whole article. In the text, cite specific page numbers. For articles consulted online, include a URL or the name of the database in the reference list entry. Many journal articles list a DOI (Digital Object Identifier). A DOI forms a permanent URL that begins https://doi.org/. This URL is preferable to the URL that appears in your browser’s address bar.
Author's Last Name, Author's First Name. Year. "Title of Article." Title of Periodical vol., no. (Month). Page range. URL or DOI if electronic.
Ex: Keng, Shao-Hsun, Chun-Hung Lin, and Peter F. Orazem. 2017. “Expanding College Access in Taiwan, 1978–2014: Effects on Graduate Quality and Income Inequality.” Journal of Human Capital 11, no. 1 (Spring): 1–34. https://doi.org/10.1086/690235.
(Author's Last Name Year, page number)
Ex: (Keng, Lin, and Orazem 2017, 9–10)
Journal articles often list many authors, especially in the sciences. If there are four or more authors, list up to ten in the reference list; in the text, list only the first, followed by et al. (“and others”). For more than ten authors (not shown here), list the first seven in the reference list, followed by et al.
Articles from newspapers or news sites, magazines, blogs, and the like are cited similarly. In the reference list, it can be helpful to repeat the year with sources that are cited also by month and day. Page numbers, if any, can be cited in the text but are omitted from a reference list entry. If you consulted the article online, include a URL or the name of the database.
Author's Last Name, Author's First Name. Year. "Title of Article." Title of Magazine or News Journal, Date. URL or Database if electronic.
Ex: Manjoo, Farhad. 2017. “Snap Makes a Bet on the Cultural Supremacy of the Camera.” New York Times, March 8, 2017. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/08/technology/snap-makes-a-bet-on-the-cultural-supremacy-of-the-camera.html.
Ex: Pegoraro, Rob. 2007. “Apple’s iPhone Is Sleek, Smart and Simple.” Washington Post, July 5, 2007. LexisNexis Academic.
(Author's Last Name Year)
Ex: (Manjoo 2017)
Ex: (Pegoraro 2007)
It is often sufficient simply to describe web pages and other website content in the text (“As of May 1, 2017, Yale’s home page listed . . .”). If a more formal citation is needed, it may be styled like the examples below. For a source that does not list a date of publication or revision, use n.d. (for “no date”) in place of the year and include an access date.
Website or Organization. Year. "Title of webpage." Access date. URL.
Ex: Yale University. n.d. “About Yale: Yale Facts.” Accessed May 1, 2017. https://www.yale.edu/about-yale/yale-facts.
(Website or Organization, Year)
Ex: (Yale University, n.d.)
The Notes and Bibliography method uses numbered footnotes or endnotes to cite resources and usually a corresponding bibliography at the end of the paper.
Author's Full name, Title of Work (Place: Publisher, Year), Pages.
1. Zadie Smith, Swing Time (New York: Penguin Press, 2016), 315–16.
Author's Full name, Title of Work. Place: Publisher, Year.
Ex: Smith, Zadie. Swing Time. New York: Penguin Press, 2016.
In a note, cite specific pages. In the bibliography, include the page range for the chapter or part.
Author's Full name, "Title of Chapter," in Title of Book, ed. Name (Place: Publisher, Year), Page(s) cited.
1. Henry David Thoreau, “Walking,” in The Making of the American Essay, ed. John D’Agata (Minneapolis: Graywolf Press, 2016), 177–78.
Author's Full name, "Title of Chapter," in Title of Book, ed. Name, page range. Place: Publisher, Year.
Ex: Thoreau, Henry David. “Walking.” In The Making of the American Essay, edited by John D’Agata, 167–95. Minneapolis: Graywolf Press, 2016.
For books consulted online, include a URL or the name of the database. For other types of e-books, name the format. If no fixed page numbers are available, cite a section title or a chapter or other number in the notes, if any (or simply omit).
Author's Full name, Title of Book (Place: Publisher, Year), Page(s) cited, URL.
1. Herman Melville, Moby-Dick; or, The Whale (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1851), 627, http://mel.hofstra.edu/moby-dick-the-whale-proofs.html.
Author's Full name, Title of Book. Place: Publisher, Year. URL.
Ex: Melville, Herman. Moby-Dick; or, The Whale. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1851. http://mel.hofstra.edu/moby-dick-the-whale-proofs.html.
In a note, cite specific page numbers. In the bibliography, include the page range for the whole article. For articles consulted online, include a URL or the name of the database. Many journal articles list a DOI (Digital Object Identifier). A DOI forms a permanent URL that begins https://doi.org/. This URL is preferable to the URL that appears in your browser’s address bar.
First Author's Full name, Second Author's Full Name, and Third Author's Full Name, "Title of Article," Title of Periodical vol., no. (Year): Page(s) cited. URL or DOI if electronic.
1. Shao-Hsun Keng, Chun-Hung Lin, and Peter F. Orazem, “Expanding College Access in Taiwan, 1978–2014: Effects on Graduate Quality and Income Inequality,” Journal of Human Capital 11, no. 1 (Spring 2017): 9–10, https://doi.org/10.1086/690235.
First Author's Full name, Second Author's Full Name, and Third Author's Full Name, "Title of Article," Title of Periodical vol., no. (Year): Page range. URL or DOI if electronic.
Ex: Keng, Shao-Hsun, Chun-Hung Lin, and Peter F. Orazem. “Expanding College Access in Taiwan, 1978–2014: Effects on Graduate Quality and Income Inequality.” Journal of Human Capital 11, no. 1 (Spring 2017): 1–34. https://doi.org/10.1086/690235.
Journal articles often list many authors, especially in the sciences. If there are four or more authors, list up to ten in the bibliography; in a note, list only the first, followed by et al. (“and others”). For more than ten authors (not shown here), list the first seven in the bibliography, followed by et al.
Articles from newspapers or news sites, magazines, blogs, and the like are cited similarly. Page numbers, if any, can be cited in a note but are omitted from a bibliography entry. If you consulted the article online, include a URL or the name of the database.
Author's Last Name, Author's First Name. Year. "Title of Article." Title of Magazine or News Journal, Date. URL or Database if electronic.
1. Farhad Manjoo, “Snap Makes a Bet on the Cultural Supremacy of the Camera,” New York Times, March 8, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/08/technology/snap-makes-a-bet-on-the-cultural-supremacy-of-the-camera.html.
Author's Last Name, Author's First Name. Year. "Title of Article." Title of Magazine or News Journal, Date. URL or Database if electronic.
Ex: Manjoo, Farhad. “Snap Makes a Bet on the Cultural Supremacy of the Camera.” New York Times, March 8, 2017. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/08/technology/snap-makes-a-bet-on-the-cultural-supremacy-of-the-camera.html.
It is often sufficient simply to describe web pages and other website content in the text (“As of May 1, 2017, Yale’s home page listed . . .”). If a more formal citation is needed, it may be styled like the examples below. For a source that does not list a date of publication or revision, include an access date (as in example note 2).
"Title of webpage," Website or Organization, Access date. URL.
1. “About Yale: Yale Facts,” Yale University, accessed May 1, 2017, https://www.yale.edu/about-yale/yale-facts.
Website or Organization. "Title of webpage." Access date. URL.
Ex: Yale University. “About Yale: Yale Facts.” Accessed May 1, 2017. https://www.yale.edu/about-yale/yale-facts.