Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association by In APA style, the body of your paper will contain in-text citations (either parenthetical or narrative) and each will have a corresponding citation in the bibliography at the end of your paper. The bibliography is an alphabetical listing of all sources you used to write your paper.
Below are general tips and a selected list of reference examples for different types of sources in APA Style.For full reference and citation information, please visit the APA's citation style website. The American Psychological Association Website and the ​Purdue Online Writing Lab (OWL) can help you as well.
Author's Last Name, A. A. (2001). Title of work. Publisher. DOI or URL if electronic.
Ex: Sapolsky, R. M. (2017). Behave: The biology of humans at our best and worst. Penguin Books.
(Author's Last Name, Year)
Ex: (Sapolsky, 2017)
In-text narrative citations are woven through your text, when you paraphrase authors' research, for example: As described by Grady et al. (2019), storybooks which represent ethnic groups...
Ex: Sapolsky (2017)
Author's Last Name, A. A., Author's Last Name B. B., & Author's Last Name, C. C. (2001). Title of article. Title of Periodical, vol(no.), page range. DOI or URL if electronic.
Ex: Grady, J. S., Her, M., Moreno, G., Perez, C., & Yelinek, J. (2019). Emotions in storybooks: A comparison of storybooks that represent ethnic and racial groups in the United States. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 8(3), 207–217. https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000185
(Author's Last Name, Year)
Ex: (Grady et al., 2019)
In-text narrative citations are woven through your text, when you paraphrase authors' research, for example: As described by Grady et al. (2019), storybooks which represent ethnic groups...
Ex: Grady et al. (2019)
Author's Last Name, A. A., & Author's Last Name, B. B. (2001). Title of chapter. In A. Editor's Last Name, B. Editor's Last Name, and C. Editor's Last Name (Eds.), Title of book (2nd ed., pp. xxx-xxx). Publisher.
Ex: Aron, L., Botella, M., & Lubart, T. (2019). Culinary arts: Talent and their development. In R. F. Subotnik, P. Olszewski-Kubilius, & F. C. Worrell (Eds.), The psychology of high performance: Developing human potential into domain-specific talent (pp. 345–359). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000120-016
(Author's Last Name, Year) - et al. after first author's name when multiple authors
Ex: (Aron et al., 2019)
In-text narrative citations are woven through your text, when you paraphrase authors' research, for example: As described by Grady et al. (2019), storybooks which represent ethnic groups...
Ex: Aron et al. (2017)
Author, A. A. (2000). Title of work. Publisher. URL
Ex: Bologna, C. (2019, October 31). Why some people with anxiety love watching horror movies. HuffPost. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/anxiety-love-watching-horror-movies_l_5d277587e4b02a5a5d57b59e
(Author's Last Name, Year) - et al. after first author's name when multiple authors
Ex: (Bologna, 2019)
In-text narrative citations are woven through your text, when you paraphrase authors' research, for example: As described by Grady et al. (2019), storybooks which represent ethnic groups...
Ex: Bologna (2017)
Do not create references or in-text citations for whole websites. To mention a website in general, and not any particular information on that site, provide the name of the website in the text and include the URL in parentheses.